单人如何高效练习托福口语能力？

目前，托福口语考试一共有4道题目。

Task1是独立口语，Task2/3/4是综合口语。

独立口语要求考生在15s中的准备后完成45s的口语作答，综合口语的作答时间均为60s, 准备时间则分为30s(Task2/3)和20s(Task4)。

根据ETS提供的官方口语评分标准，托福口语的Rubrics主要包括三个方面, 这个三个方面的表述针对独立口语和综合口语又略有不同。

1. Delivery: Generally well-paced flow (fluid expression); speech is clear; may have minor lapses, or difficulties with pronunciation, which do not affect intelligibility.

2. Language Use: Effective use of grammar and vocabulary; good control of basic and complex structures(as appropriate); minor or(systematic)errors are noticeable but do not obscure meaning.

3. Topic Development: Sustained and sufficient to the task; generally well developed and coherent; relationships between ideas are clear(or clear progression of ideas).

1. Delivery：speech is generally clear, fluid, and sustained; may include minor lapses or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation; pace may vary at times as the speaker attempts to recall information; overall intelligibility remains high.

2. Language Use:  good control of basic and complex grammatical structures that allow for coherent, efficient (automatic)expression of relevant ideas; generally effective word choice; although some minor (or systematic) errors or imprecise use may be noticeable, they do not require listener effort (or obscure meaning).

3. TOPIC DEVELOPMENT: a clear progression of ideas and conveys the relevant information required by the task; includes appropriate detail, though it may have minor errors or minor omissions.

独立口语题目考察的重点在于学生作答的话题是否扣题、展开是否充分，词汇和句法的处理是否准确丰富，以及言语输出的过程中表达是否清晰流畅准确。

而难点则是在于考生是否可以在有限的时间内想到明确的理由中心和例子来支持自己的观点，并且能够在作答中把自己的观点论述清晰完整。

综合口语题目的考察重点则包括了考生对于相对学术的阅读和听力信息的筛选归纳能力，总结复述能力，以及笔记能力。

难点则在于学生是否能够在有限时间内记下足够有效的阅读听力信息，并且可以把笔记信息进行转述。

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